More specifically, nanotechnology is the imaging, modeling, measuring, design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale) that produces structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property.

Nanorods are elongated nanostructures with a diameter in the nanometer range and an aspect ratio (length-to-width ratio) greater than one. They are typically characterized by their unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties that arise from their anisotropic shape and quantum confinement effects.

Key Concepts in Nanoscience. Quantum Effects: At the nanoscale, quantum size effects become significant, leading to unique electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that are not observable in bulk materials.; Surface Area to Volume Ratio: Nanoscale materials have a much larger surface area relative to their volume, which can significantly …

Nanofiltration is a type of membrane filtration process that is used to separate molecules based on size. It is one of the four membrane technologies that utilize pressure to effect separation of contaminants from water streams but it is more selective in the types of molecules it can filter out.

A defining moment came in 2012, when Professors Henry Snaith at the University of Oxford and Michael Graetzel at the Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, building on the work of Tsotomu Mayasaka from Tokyo, found that solar cells with perovskite as the active component could be made with greater than 10% power conversion efficiencies for turning the sun’s rays into electrical energy.

Nanoparticles are particles sized between 1 to 100 nanometers with a broad range of shapes, structures, and compositions. They encompass a variety of types including metallic, ceramic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles.Their physical, chemical, and biological properties change as a function of their size, shape, and material, making them versatile for applications across medicine ...

One of the most fascinating aspects of nanotechnology is the incredibly small scale at which nanoengineering and nanofabrication take place. Consider this example: The first working transistor, built by Bell Labs John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley in 1947, measured roughly 1 centimeter across.

Magnetic Tunnel Junctions are a type of tunnel junction where the electrodes are ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, cobalt, or their alloys. The tunneling current in an MTJ depends on the relative magnetization orientations of the electrodes, a phenomenon known as tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). MTJs are the core elements of magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) and spin-transfer torque ...

Smart dust refers to wireless networks of sub-millimeter-scale autonomous computing and sensing platforms not larger than a grain of sand. Smart dust senses and records data about its environment such as light, temperature, sound, presence of toxins or vibrations, and transmits that data wirelessly to larger computer systems

Electrospinning: The most widely used method for producing nanofibers, electrospinning uses an electric field to draw charged threads of polymer solutions or melts into fine fibers. This method offers versatility in controlling fiber diameter, orientation, and composition. Forcespinning: A newer technique that utilizes centrifugal force to draw fibers from polymer melts or solutions, offering ...