Metabolic pathways are enzyme-mediated biochemical reactions that lead to biosynthesis (anabolism) or breakdown (catabolism) of natural product small molecules within a cell or tissue. The glycolysis ...

Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have important roles in the signalling mechanisms that orchestrate cellular responses to many types of stresses, but ...

Greg DePersio has 13+ years of professional experience in sales and SEO and 3+ years as a writer and editor. Katie Miller is a consumer financial services expert. She worked for almost two decades as ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Doretha Clemons, Ph.D., MBA, PMP, has been a corporate IT executive and professor for 34 ...

Kathleen Felton is a writer, editor, and content strategist with several years of experience working in digital media. She is an expert in health, pregnancy, and women's lifestyle. Lactation cookies ...