Bladder exstrophy-epispadias-cloacal exstrophy complex is the most severe form of the BEEC (Bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex), constituting 10% of all the cases. In this condition, an abdominal ...

Staged reconstruction repair of bladder exstrophy results in hydronephrosis or renal scarring in 15–25% of patients. A cosmetically acceptable and functional phallus can be achieved in 85% of patients ...

Cloacal exstrophy is a rare, complex defect of the entire pelvis and its contents that occurs during embryogenesis and is associated with severe phallic inadequacy or phallic absence in genetic males.