Nuclear-encoded regulatory proteins control mitochondrial translation. A few, however, are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and are produced by the mitochondrial translation machinery.

The bacterial translation initiation mechanism uses only three initiation factors: IF1, IF2 and IF3 (ref. 1). In recent years, their functional analogs have been identified in eukaryotic cells; namely ...

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors in trypanosomatids display a fascinating divergence from those in higher eukaryotes. Foundational research has revealed that these parasites possess multiple ...

In all organisms, mRNA-directed protein synthesis is catalysed by ribosomes. Although the basic aspects of translation are preserved in all kingdoms of life, important differences are found in the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Initiation factors IF2 in bacteria and eIF2 in eukaryotes are GTPases that bind Met-tRNAMet i to the small ribosomal subunit. eIF5B, the ...

Translocation: The ribosome moves one codon down the mRNA. The tRNA in the A site moves to the P site, the tRNA in the P site moves to the E site (exit site) and is released, and the A site is now ...

It is unlikely that Shakespeare was thinking of ribosomes when he warned against hastiness. But it turns out, for ribosomes too, “wisely and slow” does not really cut it as they go about their ...

Proteins are essential biological molecules that perform a vast array of functions crucial for life, from catalyzing ...

While prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound structures, they do have distinct cellular regions (Figure 1). In prokaryotic cells, DNA bundles together in a region called the nucleoid. Primitive ...