Recent scientific discoveries have challenged our understanding of the geology beneath the Himalayas, suggesting that a ...

Understanding Earth's Crust Earth's crust ranges from 5 to 70 kilometers in thickness and serves as the planet's outermost ...

New research deepens the understanding of Earth's crust by testing and ultimately eliminating one popular hypothesis about why continental crust is lower in iron and more oxidized compared to oceanic ...

The Earth’s inner core, a solid sphere predominantly composed of iron and nickel, occupies a central role in our planet’s evolution and geodynamo processes. Although hidden beneath thousands of ...