Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) optical modulators are crucial in next-generation technologies such as free-space optical communication and LiDAR, but existing designs struggle with balancing ...

Via drilling is a critical process in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, where small holes, known as vias, are created to establish electrical connections between different layers of the board ...

Newswise — As the demand for high-speed, energy-efficient systems continues to rise, significant attention has been placed on TO modulation as a promising approach for the dynamic reconfiguration of ...

The lithium niobate thin-film modulator was designed to achieve a modulation frequency of 350 kHz within the 0–2π phase range, further realizing high speed control of optical field coherence.

Newswise — A pixel-controlled programmable metasurface capable of dynamically reshaping terahertz (THz) waves could open new possibilities for compact imaging, communications and optical systems. The ...