A complement C4 (also known as a complement component 4, or simply C4) is a test to measure the level of C4 proteins you have in your blood. These proteins play a role in how your immune system ...

Complement component 3, often called C3, is an essential protein of the immune system. This protein plays a vital role in the body’s innate immune system, providing: the first line of defense against ...

Levels of C4d and C4d/C4 associate with clinical and histopathological treatment response in proliferative lupus nephritis. Complement activation markers, particularly C4d and the C4d/C4 ratio, are ...

Medically reviewed by Erika Prouty, PharmD Key Takeaways There are two types of complement 3 glomerulopathy: dense deposit ...

Proteinuria (protein in urine) is common with complement 3 glomeropathy and is a strong predictor of disease progression and end-stage kidney failure.

Medically reviewed by Matthew Wosnitzer, MD Complement 3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare kidney disease that is also ...

The results of a newly reported study may offer scientists a strategy for mitigating the negative side effects associated with intravenous injection of nanoparticles used in medicine. The new approach ...