In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded within educational contexts, transforming how teaching, learning, and assessment are ...

Educational assessment seeks to determine how well students are learning and is an integral part of the quest for improved education. It provides feedback to students, educators, parents, policy ...

Students often draw upon a diverse set of prior understanding and experiences when attempting to explain phenomena. Formative assessment allows teachers to better understand students’ alternative ...

In today’s world, we are increasingly hearing calls for global competencies; that is, we are seeing demand for skills such as critical thinking and creativity across both manual and professional ...

For awarding organisations that rely on large pools of examiners (often professionals marking scripts outside their day jobs) ...

Ethical issues in educational assessment have become increasingly significant as schools and educational authorities seek fairness, accountability, and credibility in evaluation processes. This paper ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Three important caveats should be borne in mind when reading this chapter. First, the ...