CMOS devices have large input impedance with input currents on the order of 0.01nA. Adding feedback circuitry can result in a latch-like device that can be used to store bits, and also operate in a ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Digital gates are fundamentally analog in nature. They use transistors. Sure, these transistors are operated at their conduction extremes (which is why they are called “digital”), but during the logic ...

Before we plunge headfirst into the fray with gusto and abandon (and aplomb, of course), let’s remind and reassure ourselves that—although the following discussions focus on the devices and ...