People not in the refrigeration business often think that refrigeration equipment produces cold air; in fact, the equipment is actually removing heat from air and leaving what’s left — the cold. When ...

The transfer of heat is normally from a high temperature object to a lower temperature object. Heat transfer from a cold region to a hot region can be done by forcing the system (refrigerators, for ...

Scientists studying super-cold states of water discovered a pathway to the unexpected formation of dense, crystalline phases of ice thought to exist beyond Earth's limits. Their findings challenge ...